Daily probiotic reduces upper RTI duration in elderly

Adjuvant increase efficacy of influenza vaccine in infants and children

Oral care with chlorhexidine reduces the risk of VAP in intubated patients

BE progresses to cancer at only 0.12% per year

Smoking cessation counseling for pregnant women lacks effectiveness

Survivors of out-of hospital cardiac arrest have lower memory scores

Dabigatran cost-effective for AF prophylaxis in select patients

Adenoidectomy does not decrease URIs in children

Benefits and harms of atypical antipsychotics for off-label use

High-dose saw palmetto no better than placebo for BPH symptoms

Risk of serious maternal morbidity with multiple cesarean deliveries

Surgery effective for spinal stenosis unresponsive to conservative treatment

Analgesics decrease agitation in patients with dementia

Early antiretrovirals prevent HIV transmission to partners

Guidelines for the management of COPD

Intensive glucose lowering does not benefit patients with type 2 diabetes

Probiotic decreases IBS symptoms

Ultrasound guidance improves outcomes of SVC catheter placement

Low-risk patients with PE can be treated as outpatients

Exercise improves symptom control in IBS

Massage improves function in patients with chronic low back pain

Mobile phone texting helps smokers quit

Corticosteroid inhalers increase fracture risk in patients with COPD

Ultrasound-assisted debridement effective for healing chronic wounds

Dexamethasone reduces LOS in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

Single blood pressure measurements inaccurate

Mindfulness training helps women cope with hot flashes

Clinical decision rules similarly effective in excluding PE

PPI helpful for HP-negative dyspepsia with normal 
endoscopy

CA-125 testing and 
ultrasound do not reduce ovarian CA mortality

Asking about suicide doesn't trigger suicidal ideation

Newer antiepileptic drugs not associated with risk of major birth defects

PCI similar to CABG in patients with nonprotected left main CA

Symptom treatments for autistic disorders have limited evidence

Leukotrienes similarly effective to LABAs at treating asthma

Early surgery improves 
outcomes in early-stage 
prostate cancer

Exercise and diet good even for frail, obese elderly

The combination of ACEIs plus ARBs is overused and dangerous

Intensive glucose control slightly lowers quality of life

An increased RN workload is associated with higher inpatient mortality

PECARN and CHALICE best rules for evaluating children with head injuries

Dalteparin equally effective as unfractionated heparin at preventing DVT in critically ill

Intensive glucose control increases mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes

Two-day oral dexamethasone effective in treating mild asthma exacerbation

USPSTF guidelines for osteoporosis screening

One-year supply of oral contraceptives associated with fewer pregnancies

Antihypertensive therapy for secondary prevention of CVD

Hospital-wide guidelines 
improve antibiotic use for 
cellulitis and skin abscesses

Fidaxomicin an alternative to vancomycin for C difficile

Bisphosphonate use and 
risk of atypical hip and 
femoral shaft fractures

Cost-effectiveness of 
strategies for hyperlipidemia treatment

Intensive insulin therapy 
not recommended for 
ICU patients

Imaging for low back pain: rarely indicated, often harmful

Psychotherapy improves CV outcomes in at-risk patients (SUPRIM)

PPIs improve the symptoms of postnasal drip

2010 classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis

Psychiatric problems do 
not increase after induced abortion

Individualized nutrition and home follow-up decrease 
mortality in the hospitalized elderly

Aspirin reduces cancer death and all-cause mortality

Behavioral therapy 
improves continence after prostatectomy

Fewer unintended pregnancies with 24-day oral 
contraceptive regimens

Optimal body mass index is between 20 and 24.9

BNP testing in the ED 
does not consistently 
affect clinical outcomes

Surgery plus rehab 
similar to rehab alone in 
acute Achilles rupture

Echinacea does not 
reduce symptoms of 
the common cold

Hospitalist-surgeon 
comanagement does not 
affect patient outcomes

Acupuncture effective for chronic shoulder pain

Chest compression only improves survival in adults with out-of-hospital arrest

Fructose-rich beverage intake associated with increased risk of gout in women

Six clinical variables in patients with dysphagia identify decreased esophageal cancer risk

Limited evidence of benefits of vitamin D supplementation

Problem-solving therapy effective for depression with executive dysfunction

Limited data to guide lipid lowering in octogenarians

Linezolid is no better than vancomycin for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia

Annual conventional cytology most cost-effective after treatment for CIN

Splinting is as effective as casting for distal radial fracture in children

Self-monitoring for INR no better than coagulation clinics

Adding tiotropium to steroids is effective in poorly controlled adult asthma

Intensive blood pressure control helpful for some hypertensive CKD patients

Subclinical hypothyroidism associated with increased risk of CHD

Antibiotics for drained skin abscesses may decrease new lesions

Fondaparinux effective for superficial thrombosis but at very high cost

Caffeine improves walking distance in patients with claudication

Droperidol offers advantages for quelling violent behavior in the ED

Tai chi is effective for fibromyalgia

Triptans and oxygen are effective for treating acute cluster headaches

Symptoms are an unreliable tool for diagnosing pertussis in adolescents and adults

Data on lipid targets for children is limited

Probiotics are effective in preventing recurrent BV

Simple clinical rule improves primary care diagnosis of CAD

Vitamin D prevents falls in the elderly

CAS as effective as CEA but is associated with more periprocedural strokes

Endometrial thickness cutoff at 3 mm is most accurate

Risk for febrile seizure is increased slightly with MMRV combination vaccine

A way to quickly identify health literacy in adults

Low-dose combination better than placebo in delaying onset of diabetes in adults

Prochlorperazine is better than sumatriptan for relief of acute migraine

Fibrates reduce nonfatal events, but have no effect on fatal events

Inhaled corticosteroids only decrease COPD exacerbations slightly

Naltrexone plus sertraline is more effective for abstinence than either alone

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