PAs in nephrology; American Academy of Nephrology PAs (AANPA); PAs in surgery; American Association of Surgical PAs (AASPA)

PAs in pediatrics; Society for PAs in Pediatrics (SPAP); PAs in gastroenterology; Gastroenterology Physician Assistants (GIPA)

PAs in geriatric medicine; Society for PAs Caring for the Elderly (SPACE); PAs in dermatology; Society of Dermatology Physician Assistants (SDPA)

The Institute of Medicine has have focused public attention on a serious problem in this country— the prevalence of medical errors as a leading cause of death.

Specialty Update

A 70-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and MI (in 2000) is admitted to the hospital after experiencing difficulty speaking and right hemiparesis upon awakening this morning. The symptoms have resolved by the time he arrives in the emergency department.

PAs in allergy, asthma, and immunology; American Academy of Physician Assistants in Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (AAPA-AAI); PAs in pediatrics; Society for Physician Assistants in Pediatrics (SPAP)

PAs in surgery; American Association of Surgical Physician Assistants (AASPA); PAs in otorhinolaryngology; Society of Physician Assistants in Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery (SPAO-HNS)

PAs in cardiology; Association of Physician Assistants in Cardiology (APAC); The role of PAs in nephrology; American Association of Nephrology Physician Assistants (AANPA)

The guideline reviewed here is a 2005 update to the 2001 guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure (HF). In the 2001 document, the ACC/AHA introduced four stages (A, B, C, and D) in the development of HF.