Patient Information
Q: What is a heart catheterization?
WHAT IS THIS TEST FOR?
Heart catheterization is used to check blood flow to the heart and to see how well the heart is pumping. It can measure blood pressure in the heart and how much oxygen is in the blood. This test will help your doctor or PA see how well your heart valves work. And it will let them check for any defects in the wall of your heart.
WHY DO I NEED THIS TEST?
This test can reveal whether you have coronary artery disease, also known as CAD or atherosclerosis. In CAD, the arteries of the heart become blocked by a fatty substance known as plaque. Over time, the plaque builds up and blocks blood flow to the heart muscle. CAD can cause chest pain (angina) and puts you at risk for a heart attack.
HOW IS THE TEST DONE?
The test is done by a cardiologist and trained assistants. A small plastic tube called a catheter is inserted into an artery or vein in your arm or groin. The catheter is used to inject a dye into your coronary arteries. If a blockage is found in your coronary arteries, then another catheter with a balloon tip may be used to insert a stent in order to widen the artery.
You will receive a mild sedative to help you relax before the test. You will be awake and able to follow directions during the test. The test may last 30 to 60 minutes. During this time, the doctor will take several pictures of your heart using special x-rays. After the test, the tube will be removed and pressure applied at the insertion site to prevent bleeding. If the tube was placed in your groin, you will be asked to lie flat for several hours after the test to avoid bleeding.
HOW WILL THE TEST FEEL?
You will receive numbing medicine at the site where the tube will be placed. You may continue to feel some discomfort or pressure once the tube is in place. You may feel a warm sensation once the doctor injects the dye through the tube. Some people feel nauseated or have chest pain or pressure. If you feel this, say so. The doctor or nurse can give you medicine to relieve it.
IS IT HARMFUL?
Heart catheterization has a slightly higher risk than other heart tests, but it is very safe when performed by a well-trained staff. Some risks include heart attack, infection, irregular heart rhythms, low blood pressure, stroke, bleeding, blood clots, kidney damage, and allergic reaction to dye.
HOW DO I PREPARE FOR THE TEST?
You will be asked not to eat or drink 6 to 8 hours before the test. The test will be performed in the hospital, and you will most likely go home 4 to 6 hours after the test is done. Or, you may be admitted to the hospital overnight for observation and then sent home the next morning. Tell your doctor before the test if you are allergic to iodine or seafood, have had a reaction to contrast dye, have kidney problems, or may be pregnant.
BOTTOM LINE
Heart disease is the number one cause of death in the United States. A heart catheterization will help your PA or doctor predict your risk of a heart attack or other heart problems. The results will help your PA or doctor choose the best plan to lower your risk of heart attack. This plan may include eating healthy, exercising, and stopping smoking. JAAPA